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Secondhand Tobacco Smoke Exposure in Open and Semi-open Settings a Systematic Review

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Review

. 2013 Jul;121(7):766-73.

doi: 10.1289/ehp.1205806. Epub 2013 May 7.

Secondhand tobacco fume exposure in open and semi-open settings: a systematic review

Affiliations

  • PMID: 23651671
  • PMCID: PMC3701994
  • DOI: x.1289/ehp.1205806

Free PMC article

Review

Secondhand tobacco smoke exposure in open and semi-open settings: a systematic review

Xisca Sureda  et al. Environ Health Perspect. 2013 Jul .

Complimentary PMC article

Abstruse

Background: Some countries have recently extended fume-complimentary policies to particular outdoor settings; however, there is controversy regarding whether this is scientifically and ethically justifiable.

Objectives: The objective of the present study was to review research on secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure in outdoor settings.

Data sources: We conducted different searches in PubMed for the period prior to September 2012. We checked the references of the identified papers, and conducted a similar search in Google Scholar.

Study selection: Our search terms included combinations of "secondhand smoke," "environmental tobacco smoke," "passive smoking" OR "tobacco smoke pollution" AND "outdoors" AND "PM" (particulate thing), "PM(2.5)" (PM with diameter ≤ 2.5 µm), "respirable suspended particles," "particulate thing," "nicotine," "CO" (carbon monoxide), "cotinine," "marking," "biomarker" OR "airborne marker." In total, xviii articles and reports met the inclusion criteria.

Results: Most all studies used PM(2.5) concentration equally an SHS marker. Mean PM(ii.5) concentrations reported for outdoor smoking areas when smokers were present ranged from 8.32 to 124 µg/grand(3) at hospitality venues, and 4.60 to 17.eighty µg/1000(3) at other locations. Mean PM(2.5) concentrations in smoke-gratuitous indoor settings almost outdoor smoking areas ranged from 4 to 120.51 µg/m(three). SHS levels increased when smokers were present, and outdoor and indoor SHS levels were related. Most studies reported a positive association between SHS measures and smoker density, enclosure of outdoor locations, wind atmospheric condition, and proximity to smokers.

Conclusions: The bachelor testify indicates high SHS levels at some outdoor smoking areas and at adjacent smoke-costless indoor areas. Further research and standardization of methodology is needed to decide whether smoke-free legislation should be extended to outdoor settings.

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare they have no actual or potential competing financial interests.

Figures

Figure 1
Effigy 1

Flow diagram for the identification and selection of studies included in the review.

Figure 2
Figure two

Outdoor PMtwo.5 concentrations reported for hospitality venues and other settings according to the presence or absence of smokers. Klepleis et al. (2007) included hospitality and non-hospitality venues without distinguishing the mean value between them, and hence information technology has been included both in "hospitality venues" and "other venues." Wilson et al. (2011) and Edwards and Wilson (2011) provided the individual values for each measurement, and nosotros accept computed the arithmetic hateful for the figure. Brennan et al. (2010) and López et al. (2012) provided hateful and median values, respectively, for venues earlier and after a smoking ban. Nosotros have computed the boilerplate values for each report to include them in the figure.

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